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    58 articles

    Forecast for the Finnish Economy, June 2026

    Publishing informations

    Forecast for the Finnish economy, June 2026

    Bank of Finland Bulletin 3 • 2026
    Publication dates 12 June 2026  and in late June 2026.
    The Finnish version was published on 12 June 2026.
    Vol. 100
    Six issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2026.

    Editor-in-Chief
    Olli Rehn

    Editorial Board
    Iina Lario, Chairperson
    Niko Herrala
    Esa Jokivuolle
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Kirsi Ripatti
    Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
    Juuso Vanhala

    Prepared in the Monetary Policy and Research Department under the direction ofJuuso Vanhala, Head of Forecasting.

    Authors
    Joni Heikkinen
    Pirkka Jalasjoki
    Jarkko Kivistö
    Petri Mäki-Fränti
    Jaakko Nelimarkka
    Juho Peltonen
    Harri Pönkä
    Mikko Sariola
    Juuso Vanhala
    Hannu Viertola

    Charts and tables
    Maiju Kupiainen
    Anna Marin
    Juhani Törrönen

    Translation and editing
    Bank of Finland Language Services,Bank of Finland Communications

    Subscriptions to the newsletter
    www.bofbulletin.fi

    The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.

    ISSN 1456-5870 (online)

    Articles attached to the publication

    • Simply short: Finland’s economy at a turning point
    • Forecast: Finnish economy on verge of stronger growth
    • Forecast tables 2025–2028 (June 2026)

    Financial Stability Assessment, May 2026

    Publishing informations

    Bank of Finland Bulletin: Financial Stability Assessment, May 2026

    Bank of Finland Bulletin 2 • 2026
    Publication dates 20 May 2026 and early June 2026.
    The Finnish version was published on 20 May 2026.
    Vol. 100

    Six issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2026.

    Editor-in-Chief
    Marja Nykänen

    Editorial Board
    Iina Lario, Chair
    Niko Herrala
    Esa Jokivuolle
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Kirsi Ripatti
    Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
    Juuso Vanhala

    Steering group
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Katja Taipalus
    Jukka Topi

    Authors
    Katja Ahoniemi
    Hanna Freystätter
    Johanna Honkanen
    Maija Järvenpää
    Karlo Kauko
    Kimmo Koskinen
    Samu Kärkkäinen
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Ilari Määttä
    Juho Nyholm
    Ville Pikkarainen
    Hanna Putkuri
    Tero Rautasuo
    Tommi Salenius
    Juhana Siljander
    Annika Sippola
    Heli Snellman
    Jukka Topi
    Jukka Vauhkonen
    Ville Voutilainen

    Charts and tables
    Nina Björklund
    Marita Kuoppala
    Maiju Kupiainen

    Translation and editing
    Bank of Finland Language Services,Bank of Finland Communications

    Subscriptions to the newsletter
    www.bofbulletin.fi

    The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.

    ISSN 1456-5870 (online)

    Articles attached to the publication

    • A strong banking sector is an important asset in a volatile world

    Euro area economy, April 2026

    Publishing informations

    Bank of Finland Bulletin 1 • 2026

    Publication date 7 May 2026.
    The Finnish version was published on 14 April 2026.
    Vol. 100
    Six issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2026.

    Editor-in-Chief
    Olli Rehn

    Editorial Board
    Iina Lario, Chair
    Niko Herrala
    Esa Jokivuolle
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Kirsi Ripatti
    Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
    Juuso Vanhala

    Articles
    Prepared in the Monetary Policy and
    Research Department under the
    supervision of Markku Lehmus. 

    Authors
    Pasi Ikonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Meri Obstbaum
    Sami Oinonen
    Seija Parviainen
    Juho Pitkäranta
    Harri Pönkä
    Lauri Vilmi

    Charts and tables
    Heli Honkaharju

    Translation and editing
    Bank of Finland Language Services,
    Bank of Finland Communications

    Subscriptions to the newsletter
    www.bofbulletin.fi 

    The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.

    ISSN 1456-5870 (online)

    Articles attached to the publication

    • Why are euro area households saving more than usual?
    • Productivity and energy costs are weaknesses in euro area competitiveness

    Forecast for the Finnish Economy, December 2025

    Publishing informations

    Forecast for the Finnish economy, December 2025

    Bank of Finland Bulletin 6 • 2025
    Publication dates 19 December 2025 and beginning of January 2026.
    The Finnish version was published on 19 December 2025.
    Vol. 99
    Six issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2025.

    Editor-in-Chief
    Olli Rehn

    Editorial Board
    Iina Lario, Chairperson
    Niko Herrala
    Esa Jokivuolle
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Kirsi Ripatti
    Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
    Juuso Vanhala

    Prepared in the Monetary Policy and Research Department under the direction ofJuuso Vanhala, Head of Forecasting.

    Authors
    Pirkka Jalasjoki
    Jarkko Kivistö
    Annika Lindblad
    Petri Mäki-Fränti
    Jaakko Nelimarkka
    Juho Peltonen
    Harri Pönkä
    Mikko Sariola
    Juuso Vanhala
    Hannu Viertola

    Charts and tables
    Maiju Kupiainen
    Anna Marin
    Juhani Törrönen

    Translation and editing
    Bank of Finland Language Services,Bank of Finland Communications

    Subscriptions to the newsletter
    www.bofbulletin.fi

    The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.

    ISSN 1456-5870 (online)

    Articles attached to the publication

    • Inflation and higher interest rates brought financial distress to a proportion of households
    • Finland’s economy heading out of recession
    • Alternative scenario: Finland’s economic woes continue
    • Assessment of public finances: From targets to actions
    • Finland’s labour market weaker than that of the euro area
    • How it’s done – The models and analysis behind the Bank of Finland’s forecasts for the Finnish economy
    • Finland’s economy heading out of recession
    • Forecast tables 2025–2028 (December 2025)

    Monetary Policy and Interim Forecast for the Finnish Economy, September 2025

    Publishing informations

    Bank of Finland Bulletin 5 • 2025

    Publication dates 17 September 2025 and 1 October 2025.
    The Finnish versions were published on 12 and 17 September 2025.
    Vol. 99
    Six issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2025.

    Editor-in-Chief
    Olli Rehn

    Editorial Board
    Iina Lario, Chairperson
    Niko Herrala
    Esa Jokivuolle
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Kirsi Ripatti
    Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
    Juuso Vanhala

    Articles
    Prepared in the Monetary Policy and Research Department under the supervision of Markku Lehmus and Juuso Vanhala.

    Authors
    Jetro Anttonen
    Eeva Kerola
    Olli-Matti Laine
    Markku Lehmus
    Jaakko Nelimarkka
    Sami Oinonen
    Aleksi Paavola
    Seija Parviainen
    Lauri Vilmi

    Charts and tables
    Heli Honkaharju
    Maiju Kupiainen
    Anna Marin

    Translation and editing
    Bank of Finland Language Services,
    Bank of Finland Communications

    Subscriptions to the newsletter
    www.bofbulletin.fi

    The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.
    ISSN 1456-5870 (online)

    Articles attached to the publication

    • Will higher defence spending boost euro area growth?
    • Variable rate corporate loans strengthen transmission of monetary policy
    • Wage indicators under scrutiny: What can they reveal about services inflation in the euro area?
    • Finland’s economy on a faltering return to growth
    • Euro area’s economy weathers tariff turmoil

    Forecast for the Finnish Economy, June 2025

    Publishing informations

    Forecast for the Finnish economy, June 2025

    Bank of Finland Bulletin 4 • 2025
    Publication dates 10 June 2025 and end of June 2025.
    The Finnish version was published on 10 June 2025.
    Vol. 99
    Six issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2025.

    Editor-in-Chief
    Olli Rehn

    Editorial Board
    Iina Lario, Chairperson
    Niko Herrala
    Esa Jokivuolle
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Kirsi Ripatti
    Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
    Juuso Vanhala

    Prepared in the Monetary Policy and Research Department under the direction of Juuso Vanhala, Head of Forecasting.

    Authors
    Pirkka Jalasjoki
    Petteri Juvonen
    Jarkko Kivistö
    Petri Mäki-Fränti
    Juho Peltonen
    Harri Pönkä
    Mikko Sariola
    Aino Silvo
    Juuso Vanhala
    Hannu Viertola

    Charts and tables
    Maiju Kupiainen
    Anna Marin
    Juhani Törrönen

    Translation and editing
    Bank of Finland Language Services,
    Bank of Finland Communications

    Subscriptions to the newsletter
    www.bofbulletin.fi

    The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.
    ISSN 1456-5870 (online)

    Articles attached to the publication

    • New obstacles to Finland’s economic recovery
    • Trade war escalation poses significant risk for Finnish economy
    • Labour market flows run deeper: Participation has raised both employment and unemployment
    • How would higher defence spending affect Finland’s economic growth?
    • Trade war will slow the growth in Finland’s economy
    • Forecast tables for 2024–2027 (June 2025)

    Financial Stability Assessment, May 2025

    Publishing informations

    Bank of Finland Bulletin: Financial Stability Assessment, May 2025

    Bank of Finland Bulletin 3 • 2025
    Publication dates 21 May 2025 and the beginning of June 2025.
    The Finnish version was published on 21 May 2025.
    Vol. 99

    Six issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2025.

    Editor-in-Chief
    Marja Nykänen

    Editorial Board
    Jenni Hellström, Chairperson
    Niko Herrala
    Esa Jokivuolle
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Kirsi Ripatti
    Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
    Juuso Vanhala

    Steering group
    Hanna Freystätter
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Katja Taipalus

    Authors
    Katja Ahoniemi
    Johanna Honkanen
    Aliisa Koivisto
    Samu Kärkkäinen
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Hanna Putkuri
    Rasmus Rannikko
    Tommi Salenius
    Jukka Vauhkonen

    Charts and tables
    Nina Björklund
    Maiju Kupiainen

    Translation and editing
    Bank of Finland Language Services, Bank of Finland Communications

    Subscriptions to the newsletter
    www.bofbulletin.fi

    The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.

    ISSN 1456-5870 (online)

    Articles attached to the publication

    • Global upheaval – Financial stability at risk from power politics
    • Investor confidence in Finland as an investment destination has remained strong
    • Trade war weakens export outlook for Finnish companies
    • Mortgage borrowers have proved resilient against the interest rate risk of their loans
    • Biggest threats to financial stability are from outside Finland

    Money and payments, May 2025

    Publishing informations

    Bank of Finland Bulletin 2 • 2025

    Publication date 13 June 2025.
    The Finnish version was published on 8 May 2025.Vol.
    Six issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2025.

    Editor-in-Chief
    Tuomas Välimäki

    Editorial Board
    Iina Lario, Chairperson
    Niko Herrala
    Esa Jokivuolle
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Kirsi Ripatti
    Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
    Juuso Vanhala

    Articles
    Prepared in the Payment Systems Department under the coordination of Principal Adviser Kirsi Ripatti.

    Authors
    Maria Huhtaniska-Montiel
    Miki Kuusinen
    Johanna Schreck
    Atte Valtanen

    Charts and tables
    Maiju Kupiainen

    Translation and editing
    Bank of Finland Language Services,
    Bank of Finland Communications

    Subscriptions to the newsletter
    www.bofbulletin.fi

    The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.
    ISSN 1456-5870 (online)

    Articles attached to the publication

    • What should be done to improve the autonomy of European retail payments?
    • Role of cooperation highlighted amid escalating global tensions

    International Economy and Interim Forecast for the Finnish Economy, March 2025

    Publishing informations

    Bank of Finland Bulletin 1 • 2025

    Publication date 26 March 2025.
    The Finnish version was published on 11 March 2025.
    Vol. 99
    Six issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2025.

    Editor-in-Chief
    Olli Rehn

    Editorial Board
    Jenni Hellström, Chairperson
    Niko Herrala
    Esa Jokivuolle
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Kirsi Ripatti
    Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
    Juuso Vanhala

    Articles
    Prepared in the Monetary Policy and
    Research Department under the
    supervision of Markku Lehmus and Juuso
    Vanhala.

    Authors
    Jetro Anttonen
    Juhana Hukkinen
    Pasi Ikonen
    Petteri Juvonen
    Sanna Kurronen
    Markku Lehmus
    Petri Mäki-Fränti
    Jaakko Nelimarkka
    Harri Pönkä
    Risto Rönkkö
    Hannu Viertola
    Lauri Vilmi

    Charts and tables
    Heli Honkaharju
    Anna Marin
    Juhani Törrönen

    Translation and editing
    Bank of Finland Language Services,
    Bank of Finland Communications

    Subscriptions to the newsletter
    www.bofbulletin.fi

    The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.
    ISSN 1456-5870 (online)

    Articles attached to the publication

    • Is the euro area investing enough?
    • How will the trade war hit the economy?
    • Grey clouds hanging over Finnish economy’s recovery

    Forecast for the Finnish Economy, December 2024

    Publishing informations

    Forecast for the Finnish economy, December 2024

    Bank of Finland Bulletin 5 • 2024
    Publication dates 17 December 2024 and January 2025.
    The Finnish version was published on 17 December 2024.
    Vol. 98
    Five issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2024.

    Editor-in-Chief
    Olli Rehn

    Editorial Board
    Jenni Hellström, Chairperson
    Niko Herrala
    Esa Jokivuolle
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Kirsi Ripatti
    Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
    Juuso Vanhala

    Prepared in the Monetary Policy and Research Department under the direction of
    Juuso Vanhala, Head of Forecasting.

    Authors
    Pirkka Jalasjoki
    Petteri Juvonen
    Jarkko Kivistö
    Petri Mäki-Fränti
    Harri Pönkä
    Mikko Sariola
    Aino Silvo
    Juuso Vanhala
    Hannu Viertola 

    Charts and tables
    Jonna Elonen-Kulmala
    Maiju Kupiainen
    Juhani Törrönen

    Translation and editing
    Bank of Finland Language Services,
    Bank of Finland Communications

    Subscriptions to the newsletter
    www.bofbulletin.fi 

    The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.

    ISSN 1456-5870 (online)

    Articles attached to the publication

    • Finland’s economy will pick up gradually
    • Import tariffs and trade policy uncertainty will dampen economic growth
    • Sustained efforts needed to turn Finland’s public debt ratio around
    • IT services are a key part of Finland’s service exports
    • Finnish economy returning slowly to growth
    • Forecast tables for 2024–2027 (December 2024)

    Monetary Policy Review, October 2024

    Publishing informations

    Bank of Finland Bulletin 4 • 2024

    The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.
    ISSN 1456-5870 (online)
    Publication date 1 October 2024.
    The Finnish version was published on 1 October 2024.
    Vol. 98
    Five issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2024.

    Editor-in-Chief
    Olli Rehn

    Editorial Board
    Jenni Hellström, Chairperson
    Niko Herrala
    Esa Jokivuolle
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Kirsi Ripatti
    Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
    Juuso Vanhala

    Articles
    Prepared in the Monetary Policy and
    Research Department under the
    supervision of Markku Lehmus.

    Authors
    Jetro Anttonen
    Heli Honkaharju
    Eeva Kerola
    Olli-Matti Laine
    Markku Lehmus
    Jaakko Nelimarkka
    Aleksi Paavola
    Lauri Vilmi

    Translation and editing
    Bank of Finland Language Services,
    Bank of Finland Communications

    Subscriptions to the newsletter
    www.bofbulletin.fi

    Articles attached to the publication

    • Impact of geopolitical surprises on euro area inflation varies case by case
    • Will the euro area’s robust employment growth continue?
    • Impact of ECB’s policy rate changes on corporate loan rates varies strongly across countries
    • Inflation down but euro area’s manufacturing still struggling with high energy costs

    Forecast for the Finnish Economy, June 2024

    Publishing informations

    Forecast for the Finnish Economy, June 2024

    Bank of Finland Bulletin 3 • 2024
    Publication dates 11 June and 5 July 2024.
    The Finnish version was published on 11 June 2024.
    Vol. 98
    Five issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2024.

    Editor-in-Chief
    Olli Rehn

    Editorial Board
    Jenni Hellström, Chairperson
    Niko Herrala
    Esa Jokivuolle
    Helinä Laakkonen
    Markku Lehmus
    Kirsi Ripatti
    Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
    Juuso Vanhala

    Prepared in the Monetary Policy and Research Department under the direction of
    Juuso Vanhala, acting Head of Forecasting.

    Authors
    Essi Eerola
    Pirkka Jalasjoki
    Annika Lindblad
    Petri Mäki-Fränti
    Harri Pönkä
    Mikko Sariola
    Aino Silvo
    Heli Simola
    Juuso Vanhala
    Hannu Viertola

    Charts and tables
    Jonna Elonen-Kulmala
    Maiju Kupiainen
    Juhan Törrönen

    Translation and editing
    Bank of Finland Language Services,
    Bank of Finland Communications

    Subscriptions to the newsletter
    www.bofbulletin.fi

     The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.

    ISSN 1456-5870 (online)
    Bank of Finland
    PO Box 160
    FI-00101 HELSINKI
    Phone: +358 (0) 9 1831 

    www.bofbulletin.fi
    www.bof.fi/en

    Articles attached to the publication

    • Finland’s economy is gradually moving out of recession
    • Finnish economy would recover more rapidly if exports and consumption pick up
    • Finland struggling to defend its market share in goods exports
    • The collapse of trade with Russia has had a limited effect on Finnish manufacturing
    • Inflation down and recovery supported by interest rate cut
    • Finland’s economy moving out of recession
    • Forecast tables for 2024–2026 (June 2024)