Bank of Finland Bulletin 1 • 2025
Publication date 26 March 2025.
The Finnish version was published on 11 March 2025.
Vol. 99
Six issues of the Bank of Finland Bulletin will be published in 2025.
Editor-in-Chief
Olli Rehn
Editorial Board
Jenni Hellström, Chairperson
Niko Herrala
Esa Jokivuolle
Helinä Laakkonen
Markku Lehmus
Kirsi Ripatti
Petri Uusitalo, Secretary
Juuso Vanhala
Articles
Prepared in the Monetary Policy and
Research Department under the
supervision of Markku Lehmus and Juuso
Vanhala.
Authors
Jetro Anttonen
Juhana Hukkinen
Pasi Ikonen
Petteri Juvonen
Sanna Kurronen
Markku Lehmus
Petri Mäki-Fränti
Jaakko Nelimarkka
Harri Pönkä
Risto Rönkkö
Hannu Viertola
Lauri Vilmi
Charts and tables
Heli Honkaharju
Anna Marin
Juhani Törrönen
Translation and editing
Bank of Finland Language Services,
Bank of Finland Communications
Subscriptions to the newsletter
www.bofbulletin.fi
The contents of the Bulletin may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested.
ISSN 1456-5870 (online)