The Bank of Finland estimate puts the sustainability gap in Finland’s public finances at 4.7%. If public expenditures over the long term continue to be larger than revenues, public debt will eventually begin to grow out of control.

Even if the employment rate were to remain unchanged, the number of employed would decline by 15,000 over the years 2019–2021.

In the euro area, labour market participation among the working-age population has caught up with that of the United States. Yet a decline in the participation of especially young people remains a cause for concern in both regions.