Charts

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Analysis

Assessment of Public Finances

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Financial Stability Assessment

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36 charts

Domestic banks' real estate-related loan stock grown rapidly in past 20 years

Materialisation of risks can cause a vicious circle in the economy

Finnish household indebtedness historically hig

Mortgage-borrowers' debt by household debt-to-income ratio

High debt-to-income ratios increasingly common among mortgage borrowers

New mortgage-borrowers' debt burden on average three times their income

Change in debt-to-income ratios only moderate in baseline scenario without restrictions

Debt-to-income cap of limited effect in baseline scenario

More bite in debt-to-income cap when lending growth is high

Examples of banks lending in digitalisation

Major European banks' return on equity (ROE) has improved only slightly in recent years

Decline in the volume of non-performing loans of major banks in selected countries

Nordic banks allocate more funds to IT investment than European banks on average

A decade of decline in the number of bank branches and personnel in European banks

Households' consumer credit stock estimated at almost EUR 22 billion

Volume of major real estate transactions in Finland

Consumption growth during the crisis was slower in countries where household debt levels were higher pre-crisis

In the Nordics, loans relating to real-estate activities are plentiful and the share on non-performing loans is small

Low interest rates have depressed returns on commercial property

Value of commercial property transactions high for past four years