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The COVID-19 crisis built up indebtedness and increased external financing needs in low-income countries

The shock of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated deterioration in the economic outlook has exacerbated solvency concerns and increased the risks of debt restructurings in low-income countries (LICs).

Economy recovering apace

The Finnish economy strengthened faster than expected in the course of spring and summer 2021.

The future of cash in Finland - a basic service secured by law?

Cash must be available and it must be possible to use cash for as long as people need and want it.

Interim forecast: Growth will strengthen as the pandemic recedes

The recovery of the Finnish economy from the COVID-19 crisis has been boosted by stronger-than-expected developments in the second half of 2020.

Increased flood risks caused by climate change will also affect banks

Due to climate change, extreme weather events will become more frequent, resulting in material damage to buildings and other infrastructure. In Finland, for example, this will probably increase the risk of coastal floods.

Recession followed by slow recovery

According to the Bank of Finland’s assessment, Finnish GDP will contract by 4.7% in 2020. Even though the recession appears to be shallower than feared in the spring, it is still deep, and recovery will be slow.

Could the Green Supporting Factor help mitigate climate change?

The need for sustainable finance has grown because of the urgency to mitigate climate change.

Scenarios of the Finnish economy for the years ahead

The coronavirus pandemic will drive the Finnish economy into recession this year.

From Giovannini barriers to Capital Markets Union

Well-functioning trading venues for securities transactions are a necessary component of efficient financial markets.

Education pays, but the growth of educational attainment in Finland is stagnating

Educational attainment among the Finnish working-age population is still high by international standards.

Risks on the Swedish housing market also a cause for concern in other Nordic countries

An extensive materialisation of risks on the Swedish housing market could also have notable effects in the other Nordic countries.

Repricing of securities markets’ risk premia still most significant threat to global financial stability

Low risk premia and high valuations have increased global securities markets’ exposure to price corrections and abrupt shifts in risk premia.

Financial stability assessment: Finland's banking sector expands – Banking Union mitigates risks

There are no immediate threats to the stability of the Finnish financial system. The relocation of Nordea’s corporate headquarters will, however, increase the banking sector’s exposure to structural vulnerabilities.

Measuring cost-competitiveness in Finland

How should we measure cost-competitiveness in Finland? We present here the measures of cost-competitiveness in use at the Bank of Finland.

Analysis: What is the effect of unconventional monetary policy on asset prices?

Major central banks have cut interest rates close to zero and introduced non-standard policy measures. What are the theoretical foundations of these policies and what do we know about their effects on financial asset prices?

Analysis: Will Chinese renminbi be included in the IMF currency basket?

For China the entry of the renminbi into the SDR basket will be an indication of its stronger role in the global economy.

The COVID-19 crisis built up indebtedness and increased external financing needs in low-income countries

Economy recovering apace

The future of cash in Finland - a basic service secured by law?

Interim forecast: Growth will strengthen as the pandemic recedes

Increased flood risks caused by climate change will also affect banks

Recession followed by slow recovery

Could the Green Supporting Factor help mitigate climate change?

Scenarios of the Finnish economy for the years ahead

From Giovannini barriers to Capital Markets Union

Education pays, but the growth of educational attainment in Finland is stagnating

Risks on the Swedish housing market also a cause for concern in other Nordic countries

Repricing of securities markets’ risk premia still most significant threat to global financial stability

Financial stability assessment: Finland's banking sector expands – Banking Union mitigates risks

Measuring cost-competitiveness in Finland

Analysis: What is the effect of unconventional monetary policy on asset prices?

Analysis: Will Chinese renminbi be included in the IMF currency basket?

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The COVID-19 crisis built up indebtedness and increased external financing needs in low-income countries

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Economy recovering apace

International economy making swift recovery from COVID-19 crisis, but there’s still some way to go

Accessible summary: Euro area economy now recovering quickly, but after-effects of COVID-19 crisis still visible

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