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    <title>Bank of Finland Bulletin</title>
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    <description>Bank of Finland Bulletin - Articles on the economy from the Bank of Finland</description>
    
      <item>
        <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 14:00:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Hidden stability risks lie behind the financing of publicly subsidised housing production</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/article/analysis/2026/hidden-stability-risks-lie-behind-the-financing-of-publicly-subsidised-housing-production/</link>
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          <category>Financial stability</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[The inflation-driven rise in property maintenance costs has pushed up cost-based rents in publicly subsidised housing in Finland. At the same time, market rents have declined. This seems to have reduced the occupancy rates in housing corporations that operate publicly subsidised rental housing. Publicly subsidised housing production also involves high-risk financial structures, the loss-absorbing capacity of which has not been tested in conditions such as the current prolonged downturn in the housing market.]]></description>
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      <item>
        <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 14:00:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Rise in cost of living and higher interest rates have increased the pressure on many indebted households</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/article/analysis/2026/rise-in-cost-of-living-and-higher-interest-rates-have-increased-the-pressure-on-many-indebted-households/</link>
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          <category>Financial stability</category>
        
          <category>Interest rates</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Many households were under increasing financial pressure when inflation surged and interest rates were raised in the first few years of the 2020s. Households’ financial margins narrowed when their essential expenditure increased by more than their income. The simultaneous rise in interest rates and other living costs was felt especially by households with high debt relative to income. Nevertheless, households have, for the most part, coped well with their loan servicing. Borrowers’ strong resilience against risks must continue to be maintained in the future.]]></description>
      </item>
      
      <item>
        <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 14:00:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Macroprudential policy should be reshaped, not dismantled</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/article/analysis/2026/macroprudential-policy-should-be-reshaped-not-dismantled/</link>
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          <category>Financial stability</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[In Finland, macroprudential policy has been used to protect against the systemic risks associated with having a large and concentrated banking sector and high household indebtedness. Even so, the requirements of Finland’s macroprudential policy are moderate by comparison with the other Nordic countries, for instance. There are nevertheless grounds for reshaping macroprudential policy, but it is important not to jeopardise the resilience of the financial system. In particular, the basis on which macroprudential policy decisions are made across the EU should be harmonised and the impacts of macroprudential requirements and other regulatory measures should be assessed on a comprehensive, holistic basis.]]></description>
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      <item>
        <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 09:00:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Analysing the impact of alternative energy price scenarios on the Finnish economy</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/article/forecast/2026/analysing-the-impact-of-alternative-energy-price-scenarios-on-the-finnish-economy/</link>
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          <category>Finnish economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[The war in Iran is having a considerable impact on energy prices and the global economy. This article presents different scenarios that complement the Bank of Finland’s June 2026 baseline forecast and draw attention to the risks associated with rising energy prices. According to the analyses, higher energy prices that remain above those of the baseline scenario would lead to lower economic growth and higher inflation in Finland, especially in 2027. On the other hand, if the later fall in energy prices were to be steeper than is assumed in the baseline and confidence in the economy were to improve, output would be higher and inflation lower than in the baseline scenario.]]></description>
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      <item>
        <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 09:00:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Household confidence and the news</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/article/analysis/2026/household-confidence-and-the-news/</link>
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          <category>Finnish economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Negative news about the economy and the security environment has dominated the news flow for a long time. Using text analysis, it is found that the increase in this news coverage has in some cases coincided with the weakening of consumer confidence among households. However, news about geopolitical affairs may have a different impact on confidence than news about Finland’s economy.]]></description>
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      <item>
        <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jun 2026 13:30:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>High geopolitical volatility – Financial stability safety nets must not be dismantled</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/article/financial-stability-assessment/2026/high-geopolitical-volatility-financial-stability-safety-nets-must-not-be-dismantled/</link>
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          <category>Financial stability</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[The rise in energy prices and market interest rates caused by the Iran war is threatening to stall Finland’s economy and freeze up the housing market. Finland’s financial system remains stable and has demonstrated strong resilience in a difficult operating environment. Although economic growth must gain greater momentum, this must not be at the expense of financial stability. Growth in the economy will best be fostered by ensuring the financial system is stable and that banks have a strong lending capacity. The resilience of banks and borrowers should not be compromised, especially as the Government’s ability to respond to crises in the economy or the financial system is being weakened by the heavy public debt burden. Financial sector entities should ensure their technological data security coverage and the adequacy of cyber risk management. Europe should also mitigate the financial system’s operational risks by reducing the dependence on providers of ICT services located outside Europe.]]></description>
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      <item>
        <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2026 10:15:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>China’s new plan follows a path set years ago</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2026/china-s-new-plan-follows-a-path-set-years-ago/</link>
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          <category>Chinese economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[In China’s economic planning cycle, the year 2026 is important. The new national five-year plan for 2026-2030 was approved.]]></description>
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      <item>
        <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 07:59:52 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Simply short: Finland’s economy at a turning point</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/article/summary/2026/simply-short-finland-s-economy-at-a-turning-point/</link>
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          <category>Finnish economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[The Finnish economy is on the verge of stronger growth. Economic growth was already picking up in the early part of 2026. Growth will gradually gather pace and become more broad-based, which means that many sectors of the economy will start to see an improvement. The Iran conflict has led to an increase in the inflation rate. The conflict is also continuing to stoke uncertainty and is slowing the economy’s recovery.]]></description>
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      <item>
        <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 07:59:51 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Finnish economy on verge of stronger growth</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/article/forecast/2026/forecast-finnish-economy-on-verge-of-stronger-growth/</link>
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          <category>Finnish economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Finland’s economy is on the verge of stronger growth, but growth is being slowed by the Middle East conflict. Despite the external challenges, the economy is forecast to grow at a gradually increasing rate. This year, growth will edge up to 0.7%, and in 2027 and 2028 it will rise to 1.2% and 1.4%, respectively. The inflation rate will increase this year to 2.4%, due to higher energy prices, but it will then moderate to around 1.7% in 2027 and 2028. The unemployment rate will fall slowly. Finland’s public finances will continue to be deeply in deficit, and public borrowing will continue to rise. This forecast for the Finnish economy is based on market assumptions that the rise in energy prices will remain relatively short-lived. The forecast’s alternative scenarios examine the economic impacts of both higher and lower oil and raw material prices than in the baseline forecast.]]></description>
      </item>
      
      <item>
        <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 07:59:50 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Forecast tables 2025–2028 (June 2026)</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/article/forecast/2026/forecast-tables-2025-2028-june-2026/</link>
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          <category>Finnish economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Despite the external challenges, the economy is forecast to grow at a gradually increasing rate. This year, growth will edge up to 0.7%, and in 2027 and 2028 it will rise to 1.2% and 1.4%, respectively. The inflation rate will increase this year to 2.4%, due to higher energy prices, but it will then moderate to around 1.7% in 2027 and 2028.]]></description>
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