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    <title>Bank of Finland Bulletin</title>
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    <language>en</language>
    <description>Bank of Finland Bulletin - Articles on the economy from the Bank of Finland</description>
    
      <item>
        <pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 11:30:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Cracks in the wall (of Russian banking sector)</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2026/cracks-in-the-wall-of-russian-banking-sector/</link>
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        <category>Russian economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[International observers have been making increasingly alarmed comments about the Russian banking sector in recent months. What is behind these concerns, and could emerging vulnerabilities lead to a genuine crisis?]]></description>
        <et:image>https://eurojatalous.studio.crasman.cloud/pub/Sis%C3%A4lt%C3%B6tiedostot/Henkil%C3%B6kuvat/2023/Solanko-Laura-2023-1200x900.jpg?c=author_share_list&amp;fv=f779</et:image>
        
        <et:author>
          <et:firstName>Laura</et:firstName>
          <et:lastName>Solanko</et:lastName>
          <et:title>Senior Adviser</et:title>
          <et:url>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/author/laura-solanko/</et:url>
        </et:author>
        
      </item>
      
      <item>
        <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2026 13:10:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Better now to keep interest rates unchanged</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2026/-2/</link>
        <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2026/-2/</guid>
        
        <category>Monetary policy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[You don’t have to be much of a fortune-teller to note that there is continuing uncertainty both in the Finnish summer and in the global economy. On a chilly summer’s day like the one we’ve experienced this week, a Finn can simply stoke a fire in the sauna stove – problem solved. Unfortunately, there is no silver bullet to economic uncertainty. Rather than fanning the flames, we need to keep a cool head.]]></description>
        <et:image>https://eurojatalous.studio.crasman.cloud/pub/Sis%C3%A4lt%C3%B6tiedostot/Henkil%C3%B6kuvat/2026/20260723-Blogi-OR-1920x1080.jpg?c=author_share_list&amp;fv=1fe6</et:image>
        
        <et:author>
          <et:firstName>Olli</et:firstName>
          <et:lastName>Rehn</et:lastName>
          <et:title>Governor</et:title>
          <et:url>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/author/olli-rehn/</et:url>
        </et:author>
        
      </item>
      
      <item>
        <pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 12:00:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Working together against new AI-enhanced cyber threats </title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2026/working-together-against-new-ai-enhanced-cyber-threats/</link>
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        <category>Financial stability</category>
        
        <category>Digitalisation</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[The frontier artificial intelligence models are changing the nature of cyber threats. At the same time, they are also changing our understanding of where serious disruptions and systemic risks in the financial system may originate.]]></description>
        <et:image>https://eurojatalous.studio.crasman.cloud/pub/Sis%C3%A4lt%C3%B6tiedostot/Henkil%C3%B6kuvat/2024/Olli-Rehn-2024-1200x900.jpg?c=author_share_list&amp;fv=7235</et:image>
        
        <et:author>
          <et:firstName>Olli</et:firstName>
          <et:lastName>Rehn</et:lastName>
          <et:title>Governor</et:title>
          <et:url>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/author/olli-rehn/</et:url>
        </et:author>
        
      </item>
      
      <item>
        <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 12:45:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Russian budget framework for 2026‒2028 foresees tax hikes and lots of red ink</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2025/russian-budget-framework-for-2026-2028-foresees-tax-hikes-and-lots-of-red-ink/</link>
        <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2025/russian-budget-framework-for-2026-2028-foresees-tax-hikes-and-lots-of-red-ink/</guid>
        
        <category>Russian economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[The latest preliminary budget framework approved by the Russian government suggests a tightening of the government’s fiscal stance. The large war deficits of recent years have complicated Russia’s finances, forcing the government to harness all parts of the economy to finance the war effort.]]></description>
        <et:image>https://eurojatalous.studio.crasman.cloud/pub/Sis%C3%A4lt%C3%B6tiedostot/Henkil%C3%B6kuvat/2023/Simola-Heli-2023-1200x900.jpg?c=author_share_list&amp;fv=655f</et:image>
        
        <et:author>
          <et:firstName>Heli</et:firstName>
          <et:lastName>Simola</et:lastName>
          <et:title>Senior Economist</et:title>
          <et:url>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/author/heli-simola/</et:url>
        </et:author>
        
      </item>
      
      <item>
        <pubDate>Fri, 08 Aug 2025 08:30:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>New oil price cap adds to Russia’s economic distress</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2025/new-oil-price-cap-adds-to-russia-s-economic-distress/</link>
        <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2025/new-oil-price-cap-adds-to-russia-s-economic-distress/</guid>
        
        <category>Russian economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[In mid-July, European Union countries adopted their 18th sanctions package of economic and individual measures against Russia. The latest batch of sanctions seek to further degrade Russia’s ability to pursue its war of aggression in Ukraine and support EU efforts to end the war.]]></description>
        <et:image>https://eurojatalous.studio.crasman.cloud/pub/Sis%C3%A4lt%C3%B6tiedostot/Henkil%C3%B6kuvat/2023/Solanko-Laura-2023-1200x900.jpg?c=author_share_list&amp;fv=f779</et:image>
        
        <et:author>
          <et:firstName>Laura</et:firstName>
          <et:lastName>Solanko</et:lastName>
          <et:title>Senior Adviser</et:title>
          <et:url>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/author/laura-solanko/</et:url>
        </et:author>
        
      </item>
      
      <item>
        <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jun 2025 11:00:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Old wisdom and new trends in monetary policy implementation</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2025/old-wisdom-and-new-trends-in-monetary-policy-implementation/</link>
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        <category>Monetary policy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
        <et:image>https://eurojatalous.studio.crasman.cloud/pub/Sis%C3%A4lt%C3%B6tiedostot/Henkil%C3%B6kuvat/2020/Niko-Herrala-2020.jpg?c=author_share_list&amp;fv=c937</et:image>
        
        <et:author>
          <et:firstName>Niko</et:firstName>
          <et:lastName>Herrala</et:lastName>
          <et:title>Head of Division</et:title>
          <et:url>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/author/niko-herrala/</et:url>
        </et:author>
        
      </item>
      
      <item>
        <pubDate>Wed, 04 Jun 2025 08:00:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>War economy boosts life satisfaction for ethnic Russians and residents of military-industrial regions</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2025/war-economy-boosts-life-satisfaction-for-ethnic-russians-and-residents-of-military-industrial-regions/</link>
        <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2025/war-economy-boosts-life-satisfaction-for-ethnic-russians-and-residents-of-military-industrial-regions/</guid>
        
        <category>Russian economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[The analysis of Russian household survey data finds that overall subjective well-being and financial security have improved on average during 2022-2023 but with interesting disparities. Ethnic Russians and those in military-industrial regions have experienced notable gains, whereas retirement aged and highly educated have gained less if at all. ]]></description>
        <et:image>https://eurojatalous.studio.crasman.cloud/pub/Sis%C3%A4lt%C3%B6tiedostot/Henkil%C3%B6kuvat/2025/Parviainen-Sinikka-2025-1200x900.jpg?c=author_share_list&amp;fv=4793</et:image>
        
        <et:author>
          <et:firstName>Sinikka</et:firstName>
          <et:lastName>Parviainen</et:lastName>
          <et:title>Senior Economist</et:title>
          <et:url>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/author/sinikka-parviainen/</et:url>
        </et:author>
        
      </item>
      
      <item>
        <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 2025 09:00:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>War has degraded Russia’s long-term economic outlook and business environment</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2025/war-has-degraded-russia-s-long-term-economic-outlook-and-business-environment/</link>
        <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2025/war-has-degraded-russia-s-long-term-economic-outlook-and-business-environment/</guid>
        
        <category>Russian economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Russia’s decision to start a war in Ukraine has eroded its economic growth potential and deteriorated its business environment. These problems will remain long after sanctions are lifted.]]></description>
        <et:image>https://eurojatalous.studio.crasman.cloud/pub/Sis%C3%A4lt%C3%B6tiedostot/Henkil%C3%B6kuvat/2023/Simola-Heli-2023-1200x900.jpg?c=author_share_list&amp;fv=655f</et:image>
        
        <et:author>
          <et:firstName>Heli</et:firstName>
          <et:lastName>Simola</et:lastName>
          <et:title>Senior Economist</et:title>
          <et:url>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/author/heli-simola/</et:url>
        </et:author>
        
      </item>
      
      <item>
        <pubDate>Mon, 05 May 2025 08:00:00 +0300</pubDate>
        <title>Falling oil prices reduce Russia’s budget revenues</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2025/falling-oil-prices-reduce-russia-s-budget-revenues/</link>
        <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2025/falling-oil-prices-reduce-russia-s-budget-revenues/</guid>
        
        <category>Russian economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[Russia’s government finances are very sensitive to changes in global oil prices. Last year, oil &amp; gas earnings accounted for about 30 % of total federal revenues and 16 % of consolidated government revenues.]]></description>
        <et:image>https://eurojatalous.studio.crasman.cloud/pub/Sis%C3%A4lt%C3%B6tiedostot/Henkil%C3%B6kuvat/2023/Simola-Heli-2023-1200x900.jpg?c=author_share_list&amp;fv=655f</et:image>
        
        <et:author>
          <et:firstName>Heli</et:firstName>
          <et:lastName>Simola</et:lastName>
          <et:title>Senior Economist</et:title>
          <et:url>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/author/heli-simola/</et:url>
        </et:author>
        
      </item>
      
      <item>
        <pubDate>Mon, 24 Feb 2025 11:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <title>Economic resilience key in Ukraine’s three-year fight for survival</title>
        <link>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/blogs/2025/economic-resilience-key-in-ukraine-s-three-year-fight-for-survival/</link>
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        <category>International economy</category>
        
        <description><![CDATA[We are now entering the fourth year of Russia’s full-on military invasion of Ukraine, yet the aggressor Russia, despite its vast military advantage, has failed to subdue Ukraine.]]></description>
        <et:image>https://eurojatalous.studio.crasman.cloud/pub/Sis%C3%A4lt%C3%B6tiedostot/Henkil%C3%B6kuvat/2025/Parviainen-Sinikka-2025-1200x900.jpg?c=author_share_list&amp;fv=4793</et:image>
        
        <et:author>
          <et:firstName>Sinikka</et:firstName>
          <et:lastName>Parviainen</et:lastName>
          <et:title>Senior Economist</et:title>
          <et:url>https://www.bofbulletin.fi/author/sinikka-parviainen/</et:url>
        </et:author>
        
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